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Wireless Standards

 

IEEE 802.11b, and HomeRF are all fairly slow when it comes to data transfer speeds. As with everything in life, there are trade-offs: When it comes to adding more speed and maintaining the same range, we need more power. Power is a major concern in the design of network devices, considering that most of the wireless applications are produced for devices that are intended to be powered by batteries. Power is essentially proportional to throughput at a given range, so achieving 50 Mbps takes approximately 5 times the power of 10 Mbps. The result is that 54-Mbps, 5-GHz designs must be more power-efficient to achieve similar range or power usage as 11-Mbps, 2.4-GHz designs. In wireless LANs, maximum power is usually consumed while sending data.

Standard IEEE 802.11a, WLAN
Frequency wavelength 5GHz
Data bandwidth 54Mbps, 48Mbps, 36Mbps, 24Mbps, 12Mbps, 6Mbps
Security measures WEP, OFDM
Optimum operating range 150 ft. indoors, 300 ft. outdoors
Best suited for a specific purpose or device type Roaming laptops in home or business; computers when wiring is inconvenient
Devices or manufacturers currently using the standard None for consumers at this time; chipsets made by Atheros and Radiata

IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11a hasn't actually appeared on the market for consumers yet. In many ways it is similar to 802.11b, both being a wireless variation of the Ethernet standard. They both share WEP, although it is being expanded upon for the newer 802.11a. They also share similar software layers. The primary difference lies in the physical layer of the standard, which changes to a different wavelength and higher data bandwidth speeds. Once again, international partitioning of frequency bandwidth causes problems for worldwide interoperability; less bandwidth is permitted for use in Japan, and this standard has to meet more requirements to be passed by ETSI, the European standards board.

 

OFDM
W-OFDM tries to solve the problem that Bluetooth and 802.11b networks have when operating in the same frequency range. It enables the implementation of low power multipoint RF networks that minimize interference with adjacent networks. This reduced interference enables independent channels to operate within the same band allowing multipoint networks and point-to-point backbone systems to be overlaid in the same frequency band.

Wideband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (W-OFDM) is a transmission scheme that enables data to be encoded on multiple high-speed radio frequencies concurrently. This allows for greater security, increased amounts of data being sent, and is claimed to be the industry's most efficient use of bandwidth.

A series of articles could be devoted to OFDM technologies alone, but for now, know that it's a way of arranging the signal to reduce interference and to keep the speed of transmission high. Combined with Direct Spread Spectrum, and WEP, this signal is fairly complex to try and spy on. Again, security is not a passive practice, and users should supplement wireless communications with as much encryption as deemed necessary.

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Last modified: July 07, 2011